We have previously learnt how to use prepositions with pronouns and nouns in these lessons.
Learn Prepositions in Gujarati Language
Prepositions with nouns in Gujarati
Let us see how to use prepositions with verbs in Gujarati. Like in English, not all prepositions can meaningfully be used with verbs. So frequently used ones are discussed here.
I have logically divided prepositions into these types for simplicity of understanding
1) Prepositions which are related to future action or general action.
e.g. “for doing”, “about doing” etc.
2) Prepositions which are related to action that has happened
e.g. “after doing” etc.
3) The preposition used just before an action
“before doing”
4) Preposition related to on going action
1) Prepositions which are related to future action or general action are used after verb+વા(vA)
For doing -> કરવા માટે (karavA mATe)
For using -> વાપરવા માટે (vAparavA mATe)
About using -> વાપરવા વિષે (vAparavA viShe)
In use -> વાપરવામાં (vAparavAmAM)
I asked his permission for doing this -> આ કરવા માટે મે એની પરવાનગી માંગી
(A karavA mATe me enI paravAnagI mAMgI)
This building is in use -> આ ઈમારત વાપરવામાં આવે છે (A ImArat vAparavAmAM Ave Che)
2) Second type prepositions are used after verb+યા(vA)
after doing -> કર્યા બાદ (karyA bAd)
after speaking -> બોલ્યા બાદ (bolyA bAd)
after seating -> બેસ્યા બાદ (besyA bAd )
After he(polite) spoke, people clapped -> તેઓ બોલ્યા બાદ, લોકોએ તાળીઓ પાડી (teo bolyA bAd, lokoe tALIo pADI)
He came after I came -> હું આવ્યા બાદ તે આવ્યો (huM AvyA bAd te Avyo)
2a) If the stem of verb changes in the past tense, then યા(vA) is added to the past tense stem.
So for verb જવું(javuM) it is not જયા(jayA) but it is ગયા(gayA)
I came after he went -> તે ગયા બાદ હું આવ્યો (te gayA bAd huM Avyo)
2b) For few verbs, in past tense, we use suffixes ધો, ધું, ધી (dho, dhuM, dhI), etc. e.g. પીધું(pIdhuM), લીધું (lIdhuM), etc. For such verbs, instead of યા(vA) we will append ધા(dhA)
After drinking -> પીધા બાદ (pIdhA bAd )
After eating -> ખાધા બાદ ( khAdhA bAd )
3) Third type of preposition are used after verb+તાં(tAM)
Before doing -> કરતાં પહેલાં (karatAM pahelAM)
Before speaking -> બોલતાં પહેલાં ( bolatAM pahelAM )
Think before speaking -> બોલતાં પહેલાં વિચારો (bolatAM pahelAM vichAro )
Ask me before opening door -> બારણું ઉઘાડતાં પહેલાં મને પૂછો (bAraNuM ughADatAM pahelAM mane pUCho)
He saw me eating -> એણે મને ખાતાં જોયો (eNe mane khAtAM joyo )
The verb form is repeated twice to indicate two actions happening simultaneously
Mobile fell from my hand as I was eating -> ખાતાં ખાતાં મારા હાથમાંથી મોબાઇલ નીચે પડ્યો (khAtAM khAtAM mArA hAthamAMthI mobAil nIce paDyo)
Tell me your story as you are driving car -> કાર ચલાવતાં ચલાવતાં મને તારી કથા સંભળાવ ( kAr chalAvatAM chalAvatAM mane tArI kathA saMbhaLAv )
4) Fourth type of preposition is used after verb+તી વખતે (tI vakhate )
While doing -> કરતી વખતે (karatI vakhate )
While speaking -> બોલતી વખતે ( bolatI vakhate )
Do not speak while eating -> ખાતી વખતે બોલતા નહિં (khAtI vakhate bolatA
nahiM)
Do not disturb me while I am studying -> હું અભ્યાસ કરતી વખતે મને “ડિસ્ટર્બ” નહિં કરતો (huM abhyAs karatI vakhate mane DisTarb nahiM karato )
5) Connecting two verbs using "and"
In English we use the preposition “and” to join two verbs to indicate one action is followed by another. E.g. “come and see this”, “sit and eat it” etc.
In Gujarati, we will suffix ઈને(Ine) to the first verb to indicate continuation.
e.g.
Sit and watch:- બેસીને જો (besIne jo)
come and go:- આવીને જા (AvIne jA)
he came and saw it :- એણે આવીને જોયું (eNe AvIne joyuM)
They will go and check it :- તેઓ જઈને ચકાસશે (teo jaIne chakAsashe)
smile and say:- હસીને બોલ (hasIne bol)
