I am in office now: मी आत्ता ऑफिसमध्ये आहे (mI AttA ~ophisamadhye Ahe )
We play cricket every day: आम्ही रोज क्रिकेट खेळतो (AmhI roj krikeT kheLato)
He comes back from school in the evening : तो संध्याकाळी शाळेतून परत येतो (to saMdhyAkALI shALetUn parat yeto )
When will she dance?: ती कधी/केव्हा नाचेल? (tI kadhI kevhA nAchel ?)

In English, we specify the time as “a.m.” and “p.m.”. In Marathi, we say time by explicitly specifying morning/afternoon/evening/night
E.g.
Meet me at 2 pm -> Meet me at two in the afternoon -> मला दुपारी दोन वाजता भेट. (malA dupArI don vajatA bheT)
Meet me at 2 am -> Meet me at two in night-> मला रात्री दोन वाजता भेट. (malA rAtrI don vajatA bheT)
We work from 10 am to 10 pm -> We work from 10 in the morning to 10 in the night -> आम्ही सकाळी 10 ते रात्री 10 काम करतो (AmhI sakALI 10 te rAtrI 10 kAm karato)

English months are called a little differently in Marathi and Hindi. The below table mentions it.

Traditional Hindu calendar has lunar months and solar year. Name of Hindu months are

• चैत्र (chaitr)
• वैशाख (vaishAkh)
• ज्येष्ठ (jyeShTh)
• आषाढ (AShADh)
• श्रावण (shrAvaN)
• भाद्रपद (bhAdrapad)
• अश्विन (ashvin)
• कार्तिक (kArtik)
• मार्गशीर्ष (mArgashIrSh)
• पौष (pauSh)
• माघ (mAgh)
• फाल्गुन (phAlgun )

Days of the week have different names in Marathi as follows:

In Marathi, English names of months are used in day to day conversations. The Indian/Hindu months are used during religious discussions or rituals or specifying मुहूर्त(muhUrt) of marriage etc.

Date = तारीख (tArIkh). It is a feminine word.
Unlike in English, we do not use words first, second, third .. thirty-first, etc. to indicate the date. In Marathi, actual numbers i.e. one, two … thirty one etc. is used. e.g.
What date is it today? -> आज काय तारीख आहे? (Aj kAy tArIkh Ahe ?
It was 1st July yesterday -> काल १ जुलै होती. (kAl 1 julai hotI.)
It was 1st yesterday. -> काल एक तारीख होती. (kAl ek tArIkh hotI.)
It is 2nd July today -> आज दोन जुलै आहे. (Aj don julai Ahe.)

The word वेळ(veL) means time. But when its gender changes, its meaning changes a bit. I have tried to explain below these flavours.

वेळ(veL) (feminine)  – indicates specific time

वेळ(veL) (masculine)  – indicates duration

वेळा (veLA) – indicates number of repetitions

What time is the program at ? -> कार्यक्रमाची वेळ काय ? (kAryakramAchI veL kAy ?)

How long will the program last ? -> कार्यक्रम किती वेळ आहे ? कार्यक्रम किती वेळाचा आहे ? (kAryakram kitI veL Ahe ? kAryakram kitI veLAchA Ahe ?)

How many times have you watched this program ?  -> हा कार्यक्रम तू किती वेळा बघितला आहेस ? (hA kAryakram tU kitI veLA baghitalA Ahes ?)

Based on the gender the samanyroop form also changes.

वेळ(veL) (f.) – samanyroop form is वेळे(veLe). With prepositions, words will read like वेळेसाठी (veLesAThI),  वेळेत(veLet),  वेळेनंतर(veLenMtar),,, वेळेमुळे(veLemuLe), वेळेआधी(veLeAdhI)

वेळ(veL) (m.) – samanyroop form is वेळा(veLA). With prepositions, words will read like वेळासाठी (veLAsAThI),  वेळात(veLAt),  वेळानंतर(veLAnMtar), वेळामुळे(veLAmuLe), वेळाआधी(veLAAdhI) 

Not all preposition will make sense here, but some valid examples are

वेळेत (veLet) – in time,

वेळेवर(veLevar) – on time

त्या वेळासाठी (veLAsAThI) – for that time duration

त्या वेळापुरते (veLApurate) – limited to that time duration

etc.

Let’s read few sentences.

Will you reach in time / on time  ? -> तू वेळेत/वेळेवर पोचशील का ? (tU veLet/veLevar pochashIl kA ?)

Is the time for the program about to get over ? -> कार्यक्रमाचा वेळ संपत आला आहे का ? (kAryakramAchA veL sMpat AlA Ahe kA ?)

I am busy from 10 to 11. Come after some time. -> मी दहा ते अकरा या वेळेत मी बिझी आहे. थोड्या वेळाने या. (mI dahA te akarA yA veLet mI bijhI Ahe. thoDyA veLAne yA0

Other phrases related to वेळ(veL)

वेळ होणे (veL hoNe) – to reach the time of something

वेळ येणे (veL yeNe) – to land in a particular situation

वेळ पडणे (veL paDaNe) – to arise necessity

वेळ लागणे (veL lAgaNe) / वेळ जाणे (veL lane) – to take time

वेळ घालवणे (veL ghAlavaNe) – to spend time

वेळ खाणे (veL khan) – to waste someone’s time

वेळ निघून जाणे (veL nighUn jANe) – to surpass particular time

etc.

I have given a paragraph in Marathi sentences and their translation. It is not a word to word translation. So try to understand the essence of the phrase

कार्यक्रमाची वेळ होती 10. माझी गाडी बंद पडल्यामुळे टॅक्सी करायची वेळ आली.टॅक्सी यायला खूप वेळ लागला. ड्रायव्हरने गाडी हळूहळू चालवून खूप वेळ घेतला. वेळ पडली असती तर दुसरी टॅक्सी केली असती. पत्ता शोधण्यात खूप वेळ गेला. हॉलच्या बाहेर मित्राने गप्पा मारून वेळ खाल्ला. तो पर्यंत कार्यक्रमाची वेळ निघून गेली. मी वेळेत पोचलो नाही. पुढच्या वेळी असं करायचं नाही असं मी ठरवलं. अशी वेळ कोणावरही येऊ नये.

कार्यक्रमाची वेळ होती 10 (kAryakramAchI veL hotI 10) -> The time of program was 10 o’ clock.  The program was scheduled at 10 o clock

माझी गाडी बंद पडल्यामुळे टॅक्सी करायची वेळ आली (mAjhI gADI bMd paDalyAmuLe T~aksI karAyachI veL AlI) -> My car broke so we had to book taxi (We landed in a situation to have to book a taxi).

टॅक्सी यायला खूप वेळ लागला (T~aksI yAyalA khUp veL lAgalA)  -> Taxi took lot of time to arrive. / Taxi took long duration to arrive

ड्रायव्हरने गाडी हळूहळू चालवून खूप वेळ घेतला (DrAyavharane gADI haLUhaLU chAlavUn khUp veL ghetalA)-> Taxi driver took lot of by driving slowly (the duration of the drive was long)

वेळ पडली असती तर दुसरी टॅक्सी केली असती ( veL paDalI asatI tar dusarI T~aksI kelI asatI ) -> Had a need arisen, I would have hired another taxi

पत्ता शोधण्यात खूप वेळ गेला (pattA shodhaNyAt khUp veL gelA) -> It took long time to search the address

हॉलच्या बाहेर मित्राने गप्पा मारून वेळ खाल्ला (h~olachyA bAher mitrAne gappA mArUn veL khAllA) -> Outside the hall, a friend wasted lot of time in chitchatting (with me)

तो पर्यंत कार्यक्रमाची वेळ निघून गेली (to paryMt kAryakramAchI veL nighUn gelI ) -> Meanwhile, it was past the scheduled time.

मी वेळेत पोचलो नाही (mI veLet pochalo nAhI ) -> I didn’t reach in time

पुढच्या वेळी असं करायचं नाही असं मी ठरवलं (puDhachyA veLI asM karAyachM nAhI asM mI TharavalM) -> I decided to not do like this next time

अशी वेळ कोणावरही येऊ नये.(ashI veL koNAvarahI yeU naye.) – No one should face such situation.

काळ(kAL) and वेळ(M)

काळ(kAL) and वेळ(M) both mean time duration.  But काळ(kAL) is commonly used for english word “tense” or “era” i.e. to indicate a long period in time of a person’s life, a society’s/country’s history or future history etc.

म्हतारपणाच्या काळात काय व्यायाम करावा ? (mhatArapaNAchyA kALAt kAy vyAyAm karAvA ? ) -> What exercise should be done in old age ?

ब्रिटिशांच्या काळात भारतामध्ये वेगळे कायदे होते (briTishAMchyA kALAt bhAratAmadhye vegaLe kAyade hote) -> During British era there were different acts in India

कोरोना महामारीच्या काळात लोक घरी बसून कंटाळले आहेत. (koronA mahAmArIchyA kALAt lok gharI basUn kMTALale Ahet). -> People are cored sitting at home in the time of Corona pandemic

येणारा काळ तंत्रज्ञानाचा आहे (yeNArA kAL tMtraj~jAnAchA Ahe) – Coming age is a time of technology.

Simple Marathi Sentences – Time Related