Friends, for learning past tense you need to put extra attention. Because Past tense has a comparatively different structure than other Tense.Also, there are multiple exceptions to common rules. So be more attentive.
Let us start.
In Simple Present, Continuous Present, Simple Future, and Continuous future tense; the verb is formed depending on the Nominative i.e. doer of the action. But in the past tense, there is some difference.
In Simple past tense there 2 types of statements.
Type 1) Verbs which has nouns/objective
e.g. I ate mango.
Here I is subjective/Nominative and mango is objective.
Type 2) Verbs which do not have nouns/objective
e.g. I speak.
Here I is subjective (Nominative). The verb speak doe not need noun/objective
For 1st kind of statement, the verb is formed according to the gender of the objective. And in 2nd kind of statement verb is formed according to the gender of Pronoun/subjective/Nominative
Sentence without Objective is formed as Pronoun Verb+Suffix for Simple Past Tense
e.g. For “We” the suffix in Simple Past tense is लो ( lo )
So for verb चाल(chAl) the Past tense will be : चाल(chAl) + लो ( lo )= चाललो (chAlalo)
The full sentence
we walked –> आम्ही (AmhI) चाल(chAl) + लो ( lo ) –> आम्ही चाललो (AmhI chAlalo)
Below table lists all the suffixes
| Pronoun in English | Pronoun in Marathi | Suffix for Simple Past Tense | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|
| I (male) | मी | लो | lo |
| I (female) | मी | ले | le |
| we | आम्ही | लो | lo |
| we ( listener including) | आपण | लो | lo |
| You (singular male) | तू | लास | lAs |
| You (singular female) | तू | लीस | lIs |
| You (plural) | तुम्ही | लात | lAt |
| He / That (m.) / This (m.) | तो / तो / हा | ला | lA |
| She / That (f.)/ This (f.) | ती / ती / ही | ली | lI |
| It / That(n.) / This (n.) | ते / ते / हे | ले | le |
| They (Plural of He) /Those (m.) /These (m.) | ते / ते / हे | ले | le |
| They (Plural of She) / Those (f.) / These (f.) | त्या / त्या / ह्या | ल्या | lyA |
| They (Plural of it) / Those (n.) / These (n.) | ती / ती / ही | ली | lI |
Examples
| I (male) spoke. | मी बोललो(mI bolalo) |
|---|---|
| I (female) danced. | मी नाचले(mI nAchale) |
| We smiled. | आम्ही / आपण हसलो(AmhI / ApaN hasalo) |
| You (male) sat. | तू बसलास(tU basalAs) |
| You (female) sat. | तू बसलीस(tU basalIs) |
| You (Plural) walked | तुम्ही चाललात(tumhI chAlalAt) |
| He moved. | तो हलला (to halalA ) |
| She shouted. | ती ओरडली (tI oraDalI ) |
| It turned. | ते वळले (te vaLale ) |
| They(plural of he) met. | ते भेटले (te bheTale ) |
| They(plural of she) met | त्या भेटल्या (tyA bheTalyA ) |
| They(plural of it) met | ती भेटली (tI bheTalI ) |
Exceptions
Please pay more attention towards the verbs बघ (bagh ) , सांग ( sAMg ), कर (kar ) , खा (khA ) etc.
In the past tense verb itself is changed first. And suffixes are added to these changed verbs. e.g as per above rules “He saw movie” will be “त्याने मूव्ही बघला ” ( tyAne mUvhI baghalA ). But in simple past tense the verb”बघ” changes to “बघित”. so instead of बघला we say बघितला ( baghitalA ). Similarly other changes.
As we will see ahead, the Perfect tenses depend on the sentence creation in the simple past tense. So these forms only used in perfect tenses also.
Go through the below table :
| Verb in english | Verb in Marathi | Forms in simple past tense as per above rule. But DO NOT USE these forms | Changed verb | Forms in simple past tense as per rule. But USE these forms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| See | बघ | बघला / बघली /बघले | बघित | बघितला / बघितली /बघितले (baghitalA / baghitalI /baghitale ) |
| Tell | सांग | सांगला / सांगली / सांगले | सांगित | सांगितला सांगितली सांगितले ( sAMgitalA / sAMgitalI / sAMgitale ) |
| Do | कर | करला /करली / करले | के | केला / केली / केले ( kelA / kelI / kele ) |
| Eat | खा | खाला / खाली /खाले | खाल् | खाल्ला / खाल्ली / खाल्ले ( khAllA / khAllI / khAlle ) |
| Ask for | माग | मागला / मागली / मागले | मागित | मागितला / मागितली / मागितले (mAgitalA mAgitalI mAgitale ) |
| Drink | पी | पीला / पीली / पीले | प्याय | प्यायला / प्यायली / प्यायले (pyAyalA / pyAyalI pyAyale ) |
| Come | ये | येला / येली / येले etc. | आ | आला / आली / आले ( AlA / AlI / Ale ) etc. |
| Sing | गा | गाला / गाली / गाले etc. | गाय | गायला / गायली / गायले ( gayalA / gayalI / gaya le ) etc. |
A separate lesson is added to discuss these exceptions as:
https://learnmarathiwithkaushik.com/courses/exceptional-verbs-in-marathi-which-change-in-past-tense-form-2/
