By now we have studied many grammar concepts including tense. We have seen the forms of the verb in the simple past tense is the base of perfect tenses and other phrases. We have also observed that few verbs behave differently when their past tense form is created.
As per rule we append लो(lo) to verb to create its past tense form for “I”.
e.g. I spoke -> मी बोललो ( mI bolalo )
I laughed -> मी हसलो ( mI hasalo )
i.e.
बोल (bol)+ लो (lo) = बोललो (bolalo )
हस(has)+ लो (lo) = हसलो ( hasalo )
But,
I went -> मी गेलो( mI gelo ).
Now verb is “जाणे”(jANe). so we should have said जा(jA) + लो(lo)= जालो (jAlo ).
But we did not say so. We appended a suffix to गे(ge) to make it गेलो(gelo).
This is what I want to point out! The unusual behavior of a few verbs. !! The verbs which change themselves before creating past tense form. As the past tense form is the base of many other tenses and phrases it is important to know such form.
In the below table, I have given verb, changed verb on which suffix to be applied and a sentence in simple past tense.
Verb in English | Verb in Marathi | Changed verb before appending suffix | Simple example with suffix ला (lA) | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
do | करणे karaNe | के(ke) | केला(kelA) | I did it मी तो केला mI to kelA |
try | प्रयत्न करणे prayatn karaNe | प्रयत्न के (prayatn ke) | प्रयत्न केला (prayatn kelA) | tried learning French फ्रेंच शिकायचा प्रयत्न केला phreMch shikAyachA prayatn kelA |
give | देणे deNe | दि(dI) | दिला (dilA) | Gave pen पेन दिले (pen dile ) |
take | घेणे gheNe | घेत (ghet) | घेतला (ghetalA) | took pen पेन घेतले pen ghetale |
live | राहणे rAhaNe | राहि (rAhi ) | राहिला (rAhilA) | lived in city मी शहरात राहिलो mI shaharAt rAhilo |
see /watch /look | बघणे baghaNe | बघित (baghit ) | बघितला (baghitalA) | saw notice सूचना बघितली sUchanA baghitalI |
पाहणे pAhaNe | पाहि (pAhi ) | पाहिला(pAhilA) | saw notice सूचना पाहिली ( sUchanA pAhilI ) |
|
go | जाणे jANe | गे (ge) | गेला(gelA) | went to market बाजारात गेलो bAjArAt gelo |
come | येणे yeNe | आ(A) | आला(AlA) | came from market बाजारातून आलो bAjArAtUn Alo |
tell | सांगणे sAMgaNe | सांगित (sAMgit ) | सांगितला (sAMgitalA) | told address पत्ता संगितला pattA sAMgitalA |
To recite | म्हणणे mhaNaNe | म्हट (mhaT ) | म्हटला (mhaTalA) | recited poem कविता म्हटली kavitA mhaTalI |
to sing | गाणे gANe | गाय ( gAy ) | गायला (gAyalA) | sang a song गाणे गायले gANe gAyale |
To ask for | मागणे mAgaNe | मागित (mAgit ) | मागितला (mAgitalA) | asked for his pen त्याचे पेन मागितले (tyAche pen mAgitale ) |
To wash | धूणे dhUNe | धुत (dhut ) | धुतला (dhutalA) | Washed face तोंड धुतले toMD dhutale |
To Drink | पीणे pINe | प्याय (pyAy ) | प्यायला(pyAyalA) | Drank tea चहा प्यायला chahA pyAyalA |
To Eat | खाणे khANe | खाल् (khAl ) | खाल्ला (khAllA) | Ate bread ब्रेड खाल्ला breD khAllA |
To Ask for | मागणे mAgaNe | मागित (mAgit) | मागितला (mAgitalA) | Asked for tea चहा मागितला chahA mAgitalA |
To Become | होणे hoNe | झा (jhA) | झाला (jhAlA) | Became rich श्रीमंत झाला shrImaMt jhAlA |
To get | मिळणे (miLaNe) | मिळा (miLA) | मिळाला (miLAlA) | Got work काम मिळाले kAm miLAle |
To run | पळणे (paLaNe) | पळा (paLA) | पळाला (paLAlA) | he ran fast तो जोराने पळाला to jorAne paLAlA |
Notes :
- Similar to “To Try” , there are many verbs in Marathi which are created using करणे (karaNe) e.g. व्यायाम करणे (vyAyAm karaNe ), आंघोळ करणे (AMghoL karaNe). In all such verbs, the form of करणे (karaNe) will be created as per above rule
- For verb म्हणणे ( mhaNaNe), the forms can be created with normal verb as well. so म्हटला (mhaTalA ) and म्हणला (mhaNalA) both forms are used.
Listen examples in this lesson
More explanation about forms of verb म्हणणे ( mhaNaNe)
Past tense of Verb म्हणणे is formed in two ways
- Like a अकर्मक verb
- Like a सकर्मक verb
If the sentence has an object then the second way will be used more than the first way.
1) Like a अकर्मक verb.
i.e. The suffixes are appended as per gender and multiplicity of Subject. Sometimes people change verb stem from “म्हण” to “म्हणा”.
I sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
Masculine singular
मी श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलो/म्हणालो
(mI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalo/mhaNAlo)
Feminine singular
मी श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणले/म्हणाले
(mI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNale/mhaNAle)
We sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
आम्ही श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलो/म्हणालो
(AmhI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalo/mhaNAlo)
You(singular) sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
Masculine singular
तू श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलास/म्हणालास
(tU shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalAs/mhaNAlAs)
Feminine singular
तू श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलीस/म्हणालीस
(tU shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalIs/mhaNAlIs)
He sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
तो श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणला/म्हणाला
(to shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalaa/mhaNAlaa)
2) Like a सकर्मक verb.
The suffixes are appended as per gender and multiplicity of Object. Suffixes are appended to “म्हट”
Masculine object “श्लोक”
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a hymn ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी श्लोक म्हटला (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI shlok mhaTalA)
Plural
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 hymns ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी १० श्लोक म्हटले (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI 10 shlok mhaTale)
Feminine object “कविता”
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a poem.
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी कविता म्हटली (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI kavitA mhaTalI)
Plural
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 poems ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी कविता म्हटल्या (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI kavitA mhaTalyA)
Neuter object “गाणे”
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a song ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी गाणे म्हटले(mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI gANe mhaTale)
Plural
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 songs ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी १० गाणी म्हटली (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI 10 gANI mhaTalI)