We see many signboards saying:
Do not smoke here
Do not use mobile phones
Please maintain silence
Also on different application forms, we see instructions like:
Fill up the form in Block letters.
Enter your preferences.
etc.
All these instructions are nothing but imperative statements(Commands). We have already seen how to prepare imperative sentences.
So translations will be:
Do not smoke here: धूम्रपान करू नका (dhoomrapAn karU nakA)
Do not use mobile phones: मोबाईल फोन वापरु नका (mobAIl phon vAparu nakA)
Enter your preferences: तुमची पसंती भरा (tumachI pasMtI bharA)
But in Marathi, there is a bit difference in commands and giving instructions formally.
Positive instructions
While giving instruction formally, the form of “आवा”( AvA) is appended to the verb.
The form of “आवा”( AvA) is created depending on the gender and multiplicity of the object. For “akarmak” verbs neuter-singular form is used.
Refer section आ-ई-ए-ए-या-ई(A-I-e-e-yA-I)rule for more understanding.
So applying these rules forms will be:
आवा – आवी – आवे/आवेत – आवे -आव्या/आव्यात – आवी/आवीत ( AvA – AvI – Ave/Avet – Ave -AvyA – AvI/AvIt )e.g.
fill up :- भर + आवा ( bhar + AvA ) = भरावा (bharAvA)
Examples:
1) Address -> पत्ता (pattA ) is masculine
Write your address: तुमचा पत्ता लिहावा (tumachA pattA lihAvA)
Write your addresses: तुमचे पत्ते लिहावे/ (tumache patte lihAve)
1) preference -> पसंती is feminine
Enter your preference: तुमची पसंती भरावी (tumachI pasMtI bharA)
Enter your preferences: तुमच्या पसंती भराव्यात(tumachyA pasMtI bharAvyAt )
2) Name -> नाव (nAv) is neuter
Speak your name: आपले नाव सांगावे (Apale nAv sAMgAve)
Speak your names: आपली नावे सांगावी/सांगावीत (ApalI nAve sAMgAvI/sAMgAvIt)
Negative instructions
Negative instruction is created by adding “ऊ नये” (U naye) to the verb.
For plurals, sometime नयेत (nayet)can be used instead of नये(naye)
e.g.
Do not speak -> बोल + ऊ नये = बोलू नये ( bolU naye )
Examples:
Do not smoke: धूम्रपान करू नये (dhoomrapAn karU naye)
Do not cross road here: येथे रस्ता ओलाण्डू नये (yethe rastA olANDU naye)
Do not pluck flowers: फुले तोडू नयेत (phule toDU nayet)
Listen examples in this lesson
Listen examples in this lesson
Exercise
Try creating sentences with different verbs using above rules. Crosscheck them by creating same by “verb forms” feature on https://learnmarathiwithkaushik.com/