As we had seen that there is a change in the form of pronouns while adding preposition which is called सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi.
Similarly, there is a change in nouns i.e. nouns also have सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi. It also depends on the gender and the multiplicity of the noun.
The below table summarizes it.
If it the noun is not matching below rules then its सामान्य रूप is noun itself.
| Gender | Singular form Ending vowel | सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi will end with | Singular Noun – its सामान्य रूप Example | सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi plural will end with | Plural Noun – its सामान्य रूप Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | अ (A) | आ (A) | माठ - माठा mATh– mAThA e.g pot - for pot माठ - माठासाठी | आं (AM) | माठ - माठां mATh –mAThAMsAThI e.g. pots - for pots माठ माठांसाठी |
| Masculine | आ (A)/ ई ( I) | या (yA) | फळा - फळ्या phaLA – phaLyA e.g. board - for board फळा – फळ्यासाठी पक्षी - पक्ष्या e.g bird – for bird पक्षी - पक्ष्यासाठी | यां(yAM) | फळे - फळ्यां phaLe – phaLyAM e.g. boards - for boards फळे – फळ्यांसाठी पक्षी –पक्ष्यां e.g birds – for birds पक्षी -पक्ष्यांसाठी |
| Masculine / Neuter | ऊस (Us) ऊल (Ul) | वसा (vasA ) वला (valA ) | पाऊस – पावसा (pAUs - pAvasA ) e.g. rain – for rain पाऊस - पावसासाठी पाउल - पावला ( pAul - pAvalA ) e.g. foot – for foot पाउल – पावलासाठी | वसां (vasAM) वलां ( valAM) | पाऊस – पावसां pAUs - pAvasAM e.g. rains - for rains पाऊस - पावसांसाठी पावले - पवलां ( pAvale – pavalAM ) e.g feet – for feet पावले - पवलांसाठी |
| Feminine | अ(a) | ए (e) ई ( I) | माळ – माळे mAL – mALe e.g. garland - for garland माळ माळेसाठी मांजर – मांजरी (mAMjar - mAMjarI) e.g cat – for cat मांजर - मांजरीसाठी (mAMjar – mAMjarIsAThI ) | आं (AM) ईं (IM) | माळा - माळां e.g garlands – for garlands माळा माळांसाठी मांजर - मांजरीं e.g. cats – for cats मांजर - मांजरींसाठी |
| Neuter | अ(a)/ ऊ (U) | आ (A) | पान – पाना pAn – pAnA e.g. leaf – for leaf पान – पानासाठी पिल्लू - पिल्ला pillU - pillA e.g. chick – for chick पिल्लू - पिल्लासाठी | आं (AM) | पाने – पानां pAne pAnAM e.g leaves – for leaves पाने – पानांसाठी पिल्ले - पिल्लां e.g. chicken – for chicken पिल्ले - पिल्लांसाठी |
| Neuter | ए (e) | या (yA) | पाते -पात्या pAte - pAtyA e.g blade – for blades पाते -पात्यासाठी | यां (yAM) | पाती - पात्यां pAtI pAtyAM e.g blades – for blades पाती पात्यांसाठी |
As we had seen in the previous section of plurals, for Feminine nouns ending with अ(a) there are two ways of creating a plural. Continuing same logic, for those words, there are two different “सामान्य रूप” one ending with ए (e) and other ending with ई ( I)
If it the noun is not matching any of the above rules then its सामान्य रूप is noun itself.
e.g Broom in Marathi is झाडू (jhADU). It is masculine ending with
ऊ (U). It is not mentioned in the above rule. So its सामान्य रूप is noun itself i.e. झाडू (jhADU).
e.g.
broom – for broom
झाडू – झाडूसाठी
As we had learned before List of few frequently used prepositions
| Preposition in English | Preposition in Marathi |
|---|---|
| about | बद्दल (baddal ) |
| after | नंतर (naMtar ) |
| aside | बाजुला (bAjulA ) |
| before | आधी (AdhI ) |
| below | खाली (khAlI ) |
| for | साठी (sAThI ) |
| from | पासून / कडून (pAsUn / kaDUn ) |
| in / at (*Refer note below) | आत / त (At / t ) |
| like | सारखा (sArakhA ) |
| outside | बाहेर (bAher ) |
| till | पर्यंत (paryaMt ) |
| without | शिवाय (shivAy ) |
The “To” preposition is ला (lA ) for singular and ना ( nA ) for plural
e.g.
To chick ->पिल्लाला To chicken -> पिल्लांना
spear-> भाला (bhAlA ) it is masculine
To spear -> भाल्याला (bhAlyAlA) To spears -> भाल्यांना ( bhAlyAMnA )
Now see how the form changes will happen with a preposition is used along with pronoun and noun
e.g.
To his fort
fort -> किल्ला (killA)
to fort –> किल्ल्याला (killyAlA )
his fort –> त्याचा किल्ला
to his fort –> त्याच्या किल्ल्याला (tyAchyA killyAlA )
You can see that सामान्य रूप of त्याचा is त्याच्या
त्याचा is masculine ending with आ (A) So as per above rules its form becomes त्याच्या
This way you can try creating sentences. There are many exceptions to the above rules, you will sense it as and when you will read more and more Marathi.
Another Style. Extension of above
As we had seen in the previous post, when the preposition is used with pronoun the words become त्याच्यासाठी (tyAchyAsAThI), तीच्यामुळे(tIchyAmuLe), त्यांच्यानंतर ( tyAMchyAnaMtar ), etc. As you can see there is च्या (chyA) in every word. Because of this, some people tend to use च्या( chyA ) before every preposition used with a noun.
e.g.
For fort -> किल्ल्यासाठी (killyAsAThI ) or किल्ल्याच्यासाठी (killyAchyAsAThI )
On bucket -> बादलीवर (badalIvar ) or बादलीच्यावर (badalIchyAvar)
Under table -> टेबलाखाली (TebalAkhAlI ) or टेबलाच्याखाली (TebalAchyAkhAlI )
Both ways are right, but try to use first way i.e. without adding च्या (chyA) to preposition
Note for preposition In/at
In the table, it is written as आत/त (At/t )
When you are using च्या( chyA ) with सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp); we use word “आत(At)”
But if we do not use च्या( chyA ) then we just append “त(t)” to word form.
e.g.
In/At fort -> किल्ल्यात (killyAt ) or किल्ल्याच्या आत (killyAchyA At )
In/At bucket -> बादलीत (badalIvar ) or बादलीच्या आत (badalIchyAvar) etc.
For “at home” we generally say घरात (gharAt) or a special way as घरी(gharI).
So some people may ask; “what is the difference between “आत” and “ई”?
To be precise; “आत” is used to indicate position “inside” and “ई” is used to indicate preposition “at”
e.g.
Gold is buried inside home ->सोने घरात पुरले आहे. (sone gharAt purale Ahe.
Tomorrow I am at home -> उद्या मी घरी आहे (udyA mI gharI Ahe)
But you can find both forms used invariably.
In very few cases “वर”(var) is also used to indicate preposition “at”. There is no precise rule when people prefer “वर”(var). But as per my observation when they are giving not-so-precise information or indicating a surrounding they use “वर”(var).
e.g.
I saw John at the airport -> मी जॉनला एअरपोर्टवर/विमानतळावर बघितलं (mI j~onalA earaporTavar/vimAnataLAvar baghitalaM)
Ladies met at the village well -> बायका गावाच्या विहिरीवर भेटल्या (bAyakA gAvAchyA vihirIvar bheTalyA)
Children are playing at/nearby river -> मुले नदीवर खेळत आहेत (mule nadIvar kheLat Ahet)
So more you read Marathi you may get more examples.
I have started creating a list of Marathi nouns, their gender and plural forms and सामान्य रूप. List is uploaded as an excel sheet at
https://sites.google.com/site/learnmarathionline/home/nouns-gender-plural-and-forms-for-prepositions
Download the excel sheet to view it correctly.
The Excel sheet is not up-to-date. I will keep adding more and more nouns. So please check this link frequently to see newly added nouns.
[Update on 1st Feb 2015]
I Happy to announce my “Marathi Dictionary for Learners” app on Google Play.
It can be downloaded quickly from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.learnmarathi.dictionary
This dictionary provides all the details for every noun viz. gender, plural, saamanyrup.
At present this dictionary has 1105 English words and 1233 Marathi words. I will keep updating the app to add more and more words.
Still, it may happen that word you search is still not added. You may try the words “platform”, “action”, “collection” , “आदेश”, “आवाहन” , “सावली” to quickly test of this dictionary.
So I request you to download and install the dictionary and let me know your feedback.
