Major difference in English and Gujarati is in determining gender and plural forms.
In English generally non-living objects and even animals and other non-human living things are considered as neuter gender. But in Gujarati even non-living objects can have masculine or feminine or Neuter gender.
Interestingly there is no specific rules based on which gender is decided !! So you have to do your guess. As you keep reading and listening Gujarati more and more you will now about what is considered what.
Plurals of words
In English generally adding ‘s’ or ‘es’ makes a plural. Also there are irregular plurals.
In Gujarati depending on the gender and ending vowel of the word it plural is formed differently.
Generally plural is created by appending ઓ (o) to word
e.g. daughter-daughters =દીકરી-દીકરીઓ ( dIkarI-dIkarIo )
Dog(female)-dogs = કુતરી-કુતરીઓ (kutarI-kutarIo)
If ending vowel is અ(a) then it is changed to ઓ (o)
man-men = માણસ-માણસો (mANas-mANaso)
book-books = પુસ્તક-પુસ્તકો (pustak-pustako)
Exceptions
1) Masculine word ending with with vowel ઓ (o). In plural vowel changes to આ (A )
e.g.
son-sons = દીકરો-દીકરા (dikaro-dikarA)
Dog(male)-Dogs = કુતરો-કુતરા (kutaro-kutarA)
2) Neuter word ending with with vowel ઉં (uM ). In plural vowel changes to આં (AM )
e.g
door-doors = બારણું બારણાં ( bAraNuM bAraNAM )
3) For few words singular and plural are same.
e.g.
opinion-opinions = મત-મત (mat)
4) Words borrowed from English follow rules in English
Pen-Pens
Bench-Benches
Pronunciation of these word may not be same as native English speaker.
Read more and more to understand what are different ways of plural formation and which is applicable to which words
