We have now finished an important part of grammar i.e. Tenses
Let us move towards different forms of pronouns used for preposition
In English “with” preposition is used as “with me”, “with him” etc.
“with” in Marathi is बरोबर (barobar)
“with me” –>माझ्या बरोबर ( mAjhyA barobar )
“with you” –> तुझ्या बरोबर ( tujhyA barobar )
You can observe that the preposition in Marathi comes after the noun. So it is rather a postposition!! Also, note that while using the preposition in English; for “I” we used “Me”; for “He” we used “Him”.
Similarly in Marathi for मी (mI ) we used माझ्या( mAjhyA )
For तू ( tU ) we used तुझ्या ( tujhyA )
These changed forms are called सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi or Oblique case form in English.
Below table list such forms. So by appending the preposition we can create required word :
| Pronoun in English | Pronoun in Marathi | सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|
| I (male) | मी | माझ्या | mAjhyA |
| I (female) | मी | माझ्या | mAjhyA |
| we | आम्ही | आमच्या | Amachyaa |
| we ( listener including) | आपण | आपल्या | ApalyA |
| You (singular male) | तू | तुझ्या | tujhyA |
| You (singular female) | तू | तुझ्या | tujhyA |
| You (plural) | तुम्ही | तुमच्या | tumachyA |
| He | तो | त्याच्या / त्या | tyAchyA / tyA |
| She | ती | तीच्या | tIchyA |
| It | ते | त्याच्या / त्या | tyAchyA / tyA |
| They (Plural of He) | ते | त्यांच्या | tyAMchyA |
| They (Plural of She) | त्या | त्यांच्या | tyAMchyA |
| They (Plural of it) | ती | त्यांच्या | tyAMchyA |
| This(Male) | हा | ह्याच्या / ह्या / या | hyAchyA / hyA /yA |
| This(Female) | ही | हीच्या | hIchyA |
| This(neuter) | हे | ह्याच्या / ह्या / या | hyAchyA / hyA/ yA |
| These (male) | हे | ह्यांच्या /ह्यां | hyAMchyA /hyAM |
| These (female) | ह्या | ह्यांच्या/ ह्यां | hyAMchyA /hyAM |
| These (neuter) | ही | ह्यांच्या /ह्यां | hyAMchyA /hyAM |
Note: for “He” and This(male) etc. there are two सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) are mentioned. Both are grammatically correct. But first form viz. त्याच्या(tyAchyA), ह्याच्या (hyAchyA), etc. are used more frequently than second form viz. त्या(tyA),ह्या(hyA) etc..
The second form is generally used in formal Marathi writing.
The pronoun for “self” is स्वतः (svatH) and its सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) is same i.e. स्वतः (svatH)
List of few frequently used prepositions
| Preposition in English | Preposition Marathi | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| about | बद्दल | baddal |
| Above | वर | var |
| across | पलिकडे | palikaDe |
| after | नंतर | naMtar |
| against | विरुद्ध | viruddh |
| Among | मध्ये | madhye |
| Around | भोवती | bhovatI |
| As/ like | सारखा | sArakhA |
| aside | बाजुला | bAjulA |
| Before | आधी | AdhI |
| below | खाली | khAlI |
| for | साठी | sAThI |
| From /since | पासून / कडून | pAsUn / kaDUn |
| in | आत | At |
| outside | बाहेर | bAher |
| till / untill | पर्यंत | paryaMt |
| without | शिवाय | shivAy |
| behind | मागे | mAge |
| during | दरम्यान | daramyAn |
| Near /close to | जवळ | javaL |
| towards | दिशेने | dishene |
| with | सोबत / बरोबर | sobat / barobar |
| Instead of | ऐवजी | aivajI |
| On behalf of | वतीने | vatIne |
| In front of | समोर | samor |
| Prior to | पूर्वी | pUrvI |
| Because of | मुळे | muLe |
| According to | अनुसार / प्रमाणे | anusAr / pramANe |
| Through | मधून | madhUn |
| With | शी | shI |
Examples
| About me (male/female) | माझ्या बद्दल (mAjhyA baddal) |
| After us | आमच्या/ आपल्या नंतर ( AmachyA / ApalyA naMtar ) |
| aside you (singular) | तुझ्या बाजुला ( tujhyA bAjulA ) |
| before you (plural ) | तुमच्या आधी ( tumachyA AdhI ) |
| below him | त्याच्या खाली / त्याखाली ( tyAchyA khAlI /tyAkhAlI) |
| after him | त्याच्या नंतर / त्यानंतर ( tyAchyA naMtar / tyAnaMtar ) |
| for her | तीच्या साठी ( tIchyA sAThI ) |
| from it | त्याच्या पासून (tyAchyA pAsUn ) त्यापासून (tyApAsUn ) त्याकडून (tyAkaDUn) |
| in them | त्यांच्या आत ( tyAMchyA At ) |
| From self | स्वतः कडून (svatH kaDUn) |
| After self | स्वतः नंतर (svatH naMtar) |
