Before you go ahead learning “Perfect tense” make sure you have understood “simple past tense” correctly. Because all these tense use sentences from “simple past” and just add the form of “to Be” to make it perfect.
If the verb requires noun then the form of “To Be” i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) is decided based on noun. Like Simple Past tense. Otherwise, it is decided based on the subject /doer of the action.
So do revise “simple past tense”.
Let us go into details.
Rule 1) Sentences with Verb having noun/object
Sentence formation logic is:
Sentence in simple past tense | form of to Be i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) as per gender and multiplicity of noun and tense |
Take the sentence “I have/had/will have opened box”.
It’s simple past tense is “I opened box” which will be translated as “मी खोका उघडला”( mI khokA ughaDalA )
Now the object of the sentence is Box. Which is masculine singular (similar to “he” ) .
Referring the chart for “simple past” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for He, the form is होता(hotA)
So to make sentence past perfect we will append होता(hotA) to the sentence of simple past tense
I opened box -> I had opened box
मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला होता (mI khokA ughaDalA hotA )
To make the sentence present perfect, we will refer the chart for “simple present” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for He. The form is आहे( Ahe )
So to make sentence present perfect we will append आहे(Ahe ) to the sentence of simple past tense
I opened box -> I have opened box
मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला आहे ( mI khokA ughaDalA Ahe )
To make the sentence future perfect, we will refer the chart for “simple future” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for He. The form is असेल (asel )
So to make sentence future perfect we will append असेल (asel) to the sentence of simple past tense
I opened box -> I will have opened box
मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला असेल
Rule 2) Sentences with Verb without having noun/object
Sentence formation logic is:
Sentence in simple past tense | form of to Be i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) as per gender and multiplicity of Subject and tense |
e.g. I(male) have/had/will have spoken
Here the verb “speak” does not have noun/object.
Its subjective is I(male) i.e. मी( mI )
It’s simple past tense is “I(male) spoke” which will be translated as “मी बोललो”( mI bolalo)
Referring the chart for “simple past” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I(male), the form is होतो (hoto). So to make sentence past perfect we will append होतो (hoto) to the sentence of simple past tense
I spokeà I had spoken
मी बोललो -> मी बोललो होतो ( mI bolalo hoto )
To make the sentence present perfect, we will refer the chart for “simple present” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I(male). The form is आहे( Ahe ). So to make sentence present perfect we will append आहे(Ahe ) to the sentence of simple past tense
I spoke -> I have spoken
मी बोललो -> मी बोललो आहे ( mI bolalo Ahe)
To make the sentence future perfect, we will refer the chart for “simple future” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I (male). The form is असेन ( asen ). So to make sentence future perfect we will append असेन ( asen ) to the sentence of simple past tense
I spoke -> I will have spoken
मी बोललो -> मी बोललो असेन ( mI bolalo asen)
So simple !!! Provided “simple past tense” sentence formation is simple for you 🙂 🙂
So as to reduce your efforts of referring charts for the form of “to be” I have combined them here for all three tenses
Pronoun in English | Pronoun in Marathi | Form of असणे(“asaNe”) in Simple Present tense | Form of असणे (“asaNe”) in Simple Past Tense | Form of असणे (“asaNe”) in simple future tense |
---|---|---|---|---|
I (male) | मी | आहे Ahe | होतो hoto | असेन asen |
I (female) | मी | आहे Ahe | होते hote | असेन asen |
we | आम्ही | आहोत Ahot | होतो hoto | असू asU |
we ( listener including) | आपण | आहोत Ahot | होतो hoto | असू asU |
You (singular male) | तू | आहेस Ahes | होतास hotAs | असशील asashIl |
You (singular female) | तू | आहेस Ahes | होतीस hotIs | असशील asashIl |
You (plural) | तुम्ही | आहात AhAt | होता hotA / होतात hotAt | असाल asAl |
He / That (m.) / This (m.) | तो / तो / हा | आहे Ahe | होता hotA | असेल asel |
She / That (f.)/ This (f.) | ती / ती / ही | आहे Ahe | होती hotI | असेल asel |
It / That(n.) / This (n.) | ते / ते / हे | आहे Ahe | होते hote | असेल asel |
They (Plural of He)/ Those (m.) /These (m.) | ते / ते / हे | आहेत Ahet | होती hotI | असतील asatIl |
They (Plural of She) / Those (f.) / These (f.) | त्या / त्या / ह्या | आहेत Ahet | होत्या hotyA | असतील asatIl |
They (Plural of it) / Those (n.) / These (n.) | ती / ती / ही | आहेत Ahet | होती hotI | असतील asatIl |
Examples
Example 1:
She has/had/will have opened door
Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence
She opened door -> तीने दरवाजा उघडला ((tIne daravAjA ughaDalA)
Step 2) Find out the correct form of “to Be” and append.
Note:- Verb has object “door” which is “He”
She opened door -> She has opened door
तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला आहे (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA Ahe)
She opened door -> She had opened door
तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला होता (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA hotA)
She opened door -> She will have opened door
तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला असेल (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA asel)
Note: For “you singular” i.e. तू (tU ) and “you plural” i.e तुम्ही (tumhI ) ending स(s) and त(t) of simple past tense form is omitted respectively.
Example 2:
You(female) have/had/will have danced
Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence
You (female) danced-> तू नाचलीस ( tU nAchalIs )
Step 2) Find out the correct form of “to Be” and append.
Note:- Verb does NOT have an object. So go for the form as per subject i.e. You ( female)
You (female) danced-> You (female) have danced
तू नाचलीस(tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली आहेस (tU nAchalI Ahes )
You (female) danced-> You (female) had danced
तू नाचलीस (tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली होतीस (tU nAchalI hotIs )
You (female) danced-> You (female) will have danced
तू नाचलीस(tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली असशील (tU nAchalI asashIl )
Note:- while making Perfect tense sentence the ending स(s) of नाचलीस is not used.
Example 3:
You(plural) have/had/will have danced
Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence
You (plural) danced-> तुम्ही नाचलात ( tumhI nAchalAt )
Step 2) Find out the correct form of “to Be” and append.
Note:- Verb does NOT have an object. So go for the form as per subject i.e. You ( female)
You (plural) danced-> You (plural) have danced
तुम्ही नाचलात ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला आहात ( tumhI nAchalA AhAt )
You (plural) danced-> You (plural) had danced
तुम्ही नाचलात ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला होता/होतात (tumhI nAchalA hotA/hotAt)
You (plural) danced-> You (plural) will have danced
तुम्ही नाचलात ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला असाल ( tumhI nAchalAt asAl)
Note:- while making Perfect tense sentence the ending त(t) of नाचलात (nAchalAt) is not used.
There is second style of saying sentence in past perfect tense. Refer below post for it :
http://kaushiklele-learnmarathi.blogspot.com/2013/03/past-perfect-tense-second-style-learn-marathi.html
Listen examples in this lesson
Exercise
Try creating sentences with different verbs using the above rules. Crosscheck them by creating same by “verb forms” feature on https://learnmarathiwithkaushik.com/