We have learnt the prepositions in Marathi as well as adjectives. Let’s see what happens when these two concepts come together.

There are few adjectives which are derived from the prepositions. Generally, these adjectives are created by adding चा(chA) or ला(lA) to the preposition. Like prepositions, these adjectives are added to सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) form of the noun.

Example 1) Preposition वर(var)

Preposition “Above” is वर(var) is Marathi. Its corresponding adjective is वरचा (varachA)

Pot is on table -> माठ टेबलावर आहे (mATh TebalAvar Ahe)
Give me the jar which is on table -> टेबलावरचा माठ मला दे (TebalAvarachA mATh malA de)

As you can see, the phrase “which is on” is kind of adjective and it is translated in Marathi as “वरचा”. It is appended to सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) form “टेबला”(TebalA)

माठ is a masculine word, so we used “वरचा”. You would have guessed that based on gender and multiplicity of object, the forms will be
वरचा-वरची-वरचे-वरचे-वरच्या-वरची (varachA varachI varache varache varachyA varachI)
e.g.
Masculine singular
Pot which is on table -> टेबलावरचा माठ (TebalAvarachA mATh)

Masculine plural
Pots which are on table -> टेबलावरचे माठ (TebalAvarache mATh)

Feminine singular
Jar which is on table -> टेबलावरची बरणी (TebalAvarachI baraNI)

Feminine plural
Jars which are on table -> टेबलावरच्या बरण्या (TebalAvarachI baraNyA)

Neuter singular
Leaf which is on table -> टेबलावरचे पान (TebalAvarache pAn)

Neuter singular
Leaves which are on table -> टेबलावरची पाने (TebalAvarachI pAne)

Example 2) Preposition आत (At)

“In” is आत (At) in Marathi. Its adjective form is created by appending ला(lA). So adjective forms are आतला-आतली-आतले-आतले-आतल्या-आतली (AtalA AtalI Atale Atale AtalyA AtalI)

There is a gift inside box -> खोक्यात भेटवस्तू आहे (khokyAt bheTavastU Ahe)
Gift which is inside box -> खोक्यातली भेटवस्तू (khokyAtalI bheTavastU)

Similarly,

Example 3) Preposition बाहेर (bAher)

Outside = बाहेर (bAher)
which is outside = बाहेरचा (bAherachA)
Area outside my home = माझ्या घराबाहेरचा परिसर (mAjhyA gharAbAherachA parisar)

Points to remember

1) Not every preposition has such adjective form.
2) There is no clear rule for selection of चा(chA) or ला(lA).
So, be cautious while deriving such forms yourself. As you read Marathi more, you will notice such valid adjectives.
3) For some of these adjectives, there is a formal / bookish form which you will come across in newspapers, poems, literature etc.

E.g. वरील (varIl) is the bookish form for वरचा (varachA). वरील (varIl) does not end with vowel आ(A), so same word is used in all genders and multiplicity.
Pot which is on table -> टेबलावरील माठ (TebalAvarIl mATh)
Pots which are on table -> टेबलावरील माठ (TebalAvarIl mATh)
Jar which is on table -> टेबलावरील बरणी (TebalAvarIl baraNI)

Frequently used Marathi adjectives related to prepositions

I have given few frequently used adjectives below.

Preposition in EnglishPreposition in MarathiAdjective from prepositionBookish/formal form
aboutबद्दल baddal
बद्दलचा baddalachA
Aboveवर varवरचा varachA
वरील varIl
acrossपलिकडे palikaDeपलीकडचा palikaDachAपलीकडील palIkaDIl
Afterनंतर naMtarनंतरचा naMtarachA
againstविरुद्ध viruddhविरुद्धचा viruddhachA

Amongमध्ये madhyeमधला madhalAमधील madhIl
Aroundभोवती bhovatIभोवतालचा bhovatIchA
Asideबाजुला bAjulAबाजूचा bAjuchA

Beforeआधी AdhIआधीचा AdhIchA
Belowखाली khAlIखालचा khAlIachAखालील khAlIl
Forसाठी sAThIसाठीचा sAThIachA
From /sinceपासून / pAsUn
कडून kaDUn
पासूनचा pAsUnachA /
कडूनचा kaDUnachA
Inआत Atआतला AtalAआतील AtIl
Outsideबाहेर bAherबाहेरचा bAherachAबाहेरील bAherIl
Till / untillपर्यंत paryaMtपर्यंतचा paryaMtachA
withoutशिवाय shivAyशिवायचा shivAyachA
Behindमागे mAgeमागचा mAgachAमागील mAgIl
Duringदरम्यान daramyAnदरम्यानचा daramyAnachA
Near /close toजवळ javaLजवळचा javaLachAजवळील javaLIl
withसोबत sobat /
बरोबर barobar
सोबतचा sobatachA /
बरोबरचा barobarachA
बरोबरील barobarIl
On behalf of
वतीने vatIneवतीचा vatIchA
In front ofसमोर samorसमोरचा samorachAसमोरील samorIl
Prior to
पूर्वी pUrvIपूर्वीचा pUrvIchA
Through
मधून madhUnमधूनच madhUnachA